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mkdir NAME creates a folder. With -p it also creates every missing folder in the path, and gives no error when the folder already exists, which makes it safe in scripts.
New folders get the permissions 777 minus your umask (usually 755). With -m you choose the permissions at once.
طريقة الكتابة
mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...الخيارات 7
الأكثر استخدامًا
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أمثلة 11
$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)
1Make one folder
mkdir reportsIn the current folder.
2Make a whole path at once
mkdir -p /srv/app/releases/2026-10Every missing folder is made. No error if it exists.
3Make several folders with braces
mkdir -p /data/{web,db,backup}/{logs,tmp}Six folders in one command.
4Make a private folder
mkdir -m 700 ~/secretsOnly you can enter it. No separate chmod needed.
5Make a shared folder for a team
mkdir -m 2770 /srv/shared chgrp devs /srv/sharedThe 2 sets SGID: new files get the group
devs.6Show what is made
mkdir -pv /tmp/a/b/c mkdir: created directory '/tmp/a' mkdir: created directory '/tmp/a/b' mkdir: created directory '/tmp/a/b/c'Good in logs of scripts.
7Make a folder with the right SELinux label for a web site
mkdir -Z /var/www/shop ls -dZ /var/www/shopThe folder gets the default label of its place (httpd_sys_content_t).
8Make a dated backup folder
mkdir -p /backup/$(date +%F)One folder per day, like /backup/2026-10-25.
9Make a folder only if it does not exist (script)
[ -d /var/lib/myapp ] || mkdir -p /var/lib/myappWith -p the test is not even needed; it shows the idea.
10Make a mount point for a new disk
mkdir -p /mnt/dataA mount point is just an empty folder.
11Make the folders of a project from a list
xargs -a dirs.txt mkdir -pOne folder name per line in dirs.txt.
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انتبه
- Without
-p, a missing parent gives "No such file or directory". -monly applies to the last folder; parents made by-pget the normal permissions.
نصائح للحفظ
mkdir -p= safe in scripts.{a,b,c}= many folders at once.