الفلاتر
طريقة البحث
  • الكلمات العادية تجد الأسماء والنصوص والأمثلة.
  • "كلمتان" تجد العبارة بالضبط.
  • --name أو -x تجد خيارًا.
  • #كلمة تبحث داخل الأوامر فقط.
  • @grep تجد الدروس والمعامل التي تستخدم grep.
  • الفلاتر: cat:network · in:labs · level:rhcsa · ch:8 · root:yes. ضع ! قبل كلمة لاستبعادها. OR بين الكلمات تعني إحداها.
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mkdir

Create new folders (directories), also with all missing parent folders.

المستوى
امتحان RHCSA
المجموعة
الملفات والمجلدات
يحتاج root
لا
الحزمة
coreutils

هذا الجزء لم يُترجم بعد. أنت ترى النص الإنجليزي.

ماذا يفعل

mkdir NAME creates a folder. With -p it also creates every missing folder in the path, and gives no error when the folder already exists, which makes it safe in scripts.

New folders get the permissions 777 minus your umask (usually 755). With -m you choose the permissions at once.

طريقة الكتابة

mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...

الخيارات 7

الأكثر استخدامًا

-p, --parents
Make the parent folders as needed; no error if the folder exists.
-m, --mode=mode
Set the permissions of the new folder, like 750 or u=rwx,g=rx.
-v, --verbose
Print a line for each folder made.
-Z
Set the default SELinux context for the new folder.
--context[=<ctx>]
Like -Z, or set this exact SELinux context.
--help
Show help.
--version
Show the version.

أمثلة 11

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

  1. 1Make one folder

    mkdir reports

    In the current folder.

  2. 2Make a whole path at once

    mkdir -p /srv/app/releases/2026-10

    Every missing folder is made. No error if it exists.

  3. 3Make several folders with braces

    mkdir -p /data/{web,db,backup}/{logs,tmp}

    Six folders in one command.

  4. 4Make a private folder

    mkdir -m 700 ~/secrets

    Only you can enter it. No separate chmod needed.

  5. 5Make a shared folder for a team

    mkdir -m 2770 /srv/shared
    chgrp devs /srv/shared

    The 2 sets SGID: new files get the group devs.

  6. 6Show what is made

    mkdir -pv /tmp/a/b/c
    mkdir: created directory '/tmp/a'
    mkdir: created directory '/tmp/a/b'
    mkdir: created directory '/tmp/a/b/c'

    Good in logs of scripts.

  7. 7Make a folder with the right SELinux label for a web site

    mkdir -Z /var/www/shop
    ls -dZ /var/www/shop

    The folder gets the default label of its place (httpd_sys_content_t).

  8. 8Make a dated backup folder

    mkdir -p /backup/$(date +%F)

    One folder per day, like /backup/2026-10-25.

  9. 9Make a folder only if it does not exist (script)

    [ -d /var/lib/myapp ] || mkdir -p /var/lib/myapp

    With -p the test is not even needed; it shows the idea.

  10. 10Make a mount point for a new disk

    mkdir -p /mnt/data

    A mount point is just an empty folder.

  11. 11Make the folders of a project from a list

    xargs -a dirs.txt mkdir -p

    One folder name per line in dirs.txt.

انتبه

  • Without -p, a missing parent gives "No such file or directory".
  • -m only applies to the last folder; parents made by -p get the normal permissions.

نصائح للحفظ

  • mkdir -p = safe in scripts.
  • {a,b,c} = many folders at once.

الدليل الكامل

هذه الصفحة تشرح الأمر بكلمات بسيطة. الدليل الأصلي فيه كل التفاصيل.

في الطرفية: man mkdir