معمل 3.1: Organize files, make links and back up a folder

هذا الجزء لم يُترجم بعد. أنت ترى النص الإنجليزي.

الهدف

Make a folder structure, copy and move files, create both kinds of links, find files by owner and size, and make a compressed backup that you can restore.

قبل أن تبدأ

Work on server1. Some tasks need root (sudo -i).

المهام

Create the folders /data/projects/web, /data/projects/db and /data/archive with one command.
Copy all files from /etc that start with host to /data/projects/web. Keep their permissions and times.
Rename /data/projects/web/hosts to /data/projects/web/hosts.old.
Make a symbolic link /data/current that points to /data/projects/web. Make a hard link /data/projects/db/hosts.hard to /data/projects/web/hosts.old.
Find all files in /usr/share bigger than 5 MiB and write their names to /data/archive/big-files.txt.
Create the archive /data/archive/etc.tar.bz2 of the folder /etc compressed with bzip2.
Extract only the file etc/hosts from that archive into /tmp/restore.

تحقّق من عملك

$ls -lR /data
$ls -l /data/current
$ls -li /data/projects/web/hosts.old /data/projects/db/hosts.hard
$wc -l /data/archive/big-files.txt
$tar -tjf /data/archive/etc.tar.bz2 | head
$cat /tmp/restore/etc/hosts

/data/current shows -> /data/projects/web.
The two hard-linked files have the same inode number and a link count of 2.
The archive lists files that start with etc/.

تلميحات

اعرض التلميحات

mkdir -p with braces makes many folders: mkdir -p /data/projects/{web,db}.
cp -a keeps permissions and times.
find -size +5M -type f.
tar -cjf for bzip2; give the member name to extract one file.

الحل

اعرض الحل

Make the folders.

#mkdir -p /data/projects/{web,db} /data/archive

Copy with the attributes.
```
#cp -a /etc/host* /data/projects/web/
```

Rename.

#mv /data/projects/web/hosts /data/projects/web/hosts.old

Make the links.

#ln -s /data/projects/web /data/current
#ln /data/projects/web/hosts.old /data/projects/db/hosts.hard

Find big files.

#find /usr/share -type f -size +5M > /data/archive/big-files.txt

Create the bzip2 archive.

#tar -cjf /data/archive/etc.tar.bz2 /etc

Extract one file.

#mkdir -p /tmp/restore
#tar -xjf /data/archive/etc.tar.bz2 -C /tmp/restore etc/hosts

ملاحظاتي

لا توجد ملاحظات بعد.

Organize files, make links and back up a folder