معمل 14.1: Partitions, file systems, swap and fstab

هذا الجزء لم يُترجم بعد. أنت ترى النص الإنجليزي.

الهدف

Use a second disk to create three partitions with a file system, a swap space, and a mount that works after every reboot.

قبل أن تبدأ

Add an empty 10 GiB disk to server1 (in this lab: /dev/vdb). Check with lsblk that it really is empty — use your own device name.
Work as root.

المهام

Create a GPT partition table on the disk with three partitions: 2 GiB, 1 GiB and 2 GiB.
Put an XFS file system with the label data on partition 1, and mount it on /data at every boot by UUID.
Use partition 2 as extra swap, active at every boot.
Put an ext4 file system on partition 3. It must be mounted on /backup at boot with the options noexec,nosuid, with a systemd mount unit (not fstab).
Set the reserved blocks of the ext4 file system to 1 %.
Reboot and check that everything is mounted and the swap is active.

تحقّق من عملك

#lsblk -f /dev/vdb
#findmnt /data; findmnt /backup
#swapon --show
#tune2fs -l /dev/vdb3 | grep -i 'reserved block count'
#systemctl is-enabled backup.mount

/data is XFS with label data, /backup is ext4 with noexec,nosuid.
swapon shows /dev/vdb2 next to the system swap.
After the reboot all of it is still there.

تلميحات

اعرض التلميحات

fdisk: g, then three times n with +2G, +1G, +2G; type of partition 2: swap.
blkid /dev/vdb1 gives the UUID for fstab.
The unit for /backup is /etc/systemd/system/backup.mount.
tune2fs -m 1.

الحل

اعرض الحل

Partitions.

#fdisk /dev/vdb
Command (m for help): g
Command (m for help): n          (Enter, Enter, +2G)
Command (m for help): n          (Enter, Enter, +1G)
Command (m for help): n          (Enter, Enter, +2G)
Command (m for help): t          (2, swap)
Command (m for help): w
#partprobe /dev/vdb

XFS on /data by UUID.

#mkfs.xfs -L data /dev/vdb1
#mkdir /data
#echo "UUID=$(blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/vdb1) /data xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

Swap.

#mkswap /dev/vdb2
#echo "UUID=$(blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/vdb2) none swap defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
#systemctl daemon-reload; mount -a; swapon -a

ext4 with a mount unit.

#mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb3
#mkdir /backup
#blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/vdb3

/etc/systemd/system/backup.mount

[Unit]
Description=Backup disk
 
[Mount]
What=/dev/disk/by-uuid/PUT-THE-UUID-HERE
Where=/backup
Type=ext4
Options=noexec,nosuid
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#systemctl daemon-reload
#systemctl enable --now backup.mount

Reserved blocks.
```
#tune2fs -m 1 /dev/vdb3
```

Reboot and check.

#systemctl reboot
#findmnt /data; findmnt /backup; swapon --show

ملاحظاتي

لا توجد ملاحظات بعد.

Partitions, file systems, swap and fstab