du — Show how much disk space files and folders use.

Dit deel is nog niet vertaald. Je ziet de Engelse tekst.

Wat het doet

du (disk usage) adds up the space that files use, folder by folder. Where df tells you that a file system is full, du tells you which folder fills it.

By default it shows every sub-folder. Usually you want -s (one total per argument), -h (readable sizes) and --max-depth=1 (one level).

Zo schrijf je het

du [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Opties 27

Meest gebruikt

-h, --human-readable: Sizes like 4.0K, 23M, 1.2G.
-s, --summarize: Only one total for each argument.
-d, --max-depth=n: Show totals only N levels deep.
-c, --total: Add a grand total at the end.
-a, --all: Show files too, not only folders.
-x, --one-file-system: Skip folders on other file systems.
--exclude=pattern: Leave out files that match.
-X, --exclude-from=file: Read exclude patterns from a file.
-t, --threshold=size: Show only entries bigger than SIZE (or smaller if negative).
--apparent-size: Show the file length, not the space on disk.
-b, --bytes: Apparent size in bytes.
-k, -m: Sizes in KiB / MiB.
-B, --block-size=size: Sizes in this unit.
--si: Like -h, with powers of 1000.
--inodes: Count inodes (number of files) instead of space.
-S, --separate-dirs: Do not include sub-folders in a folder's total.
-l, --count-links: Count hard-linked files every time.
-L, --dereference: Follow all symbolic links.
-D, -H, --dereference-args: Follow links given on the command line only.
-P, --no-dereference: Do not follow links (the default).
--time: Show the last change time of each folder.
--time=word: Which time: atime, access, use, ctime, status.
--time-style=style: Time format: full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT.
-0, --null: End each line with NUL.
--files0-from=file: Read the names from a file (NUL separated).
--help: Show help.
--version: Show the version.

Voorbeelden 12

$ als gewone gebruiker# als root (of met sudo)

1Size of one folder
```
$du -sh /var/log
2.1G	/var/log
```
One line, readable size.
2Which sub-folder is big?
```
#du -h --max-depth=1 /var | sort -h
```
Sorted, the biggest at the bottom. Then go one level deeper.
3The 10 biggest folders on the root file system
```
#du -xh / 2>/dev/null | sort -h | tail -10
```
-x stays on / and does not count other mounts.
4Sizes of all home folders
```
#du -sh /home/*
```
Who uses the most space?
5Show files too, bigger than 100 MiB
```
#du -ah /srv | awk '$1 ~ /G|[0-9]{3}M/' | sort -h
```
Lists big files and folders. find -size +100M is another way.
6Leave out some files
```
$du -sh --exclude='*.iso' ~/Downloads
```
Size without the ISO images.
7Count files instead of size
```
#du --inodes -d 1 /var | sort -n | tail
```
Finds folders with millions of small files (when df -i is at 100%).
8Grand total of several folders
```
$du -shc /var/log /var/cache /tmp
```
The last line is the total.
9Real size vs. apparent size of a VM disk
```
$du -h vm.qcow2; du -h --apparent-size vm.qcow2
```
A sparse file can look big but use little space.
10Show when folders changed
```
$du -h --time -d 1 /srv/backups
```
Find backup folders that stopped growing.
11Only show folders above 1 GiB
```
#du -h -t 1G -d 2 /var/lib
```
Hides all the small stuff.
12Check container storage
```
#du -sh /var/lib/containers/storage
```
Container images often fill /var. podman system prune cleans unused images.

Let op

du counts only files it can read. Run it as root for system folders.
du does not see deleted files that are still open; df does. That explains differences.
On big trees du can take time and a lot of disk reads.

Tips om te onthouden

du -sh * = sizes here. du -h -d1 | sort -h = biggest last.

`du`

Wat het doet

Zo schrijf je het

Opties 27

Voorbeelden 12

1Size of one folder

2Which sub-folder is big?

3The 10 biggest folders on the root file system

4Sizes of all home folders

5Show files too, bigger than 100 MiB

6Leave out some files

7Count files instead of size

8Grand total of several folders

9Real size vs. apparent size of a VM disk

10Show when folders changed

11Only show folders above 1 GiB

12Check container storage

Let op

Tips om te onthouden

Volledige handleiding

du

Wat het doet

Zo schrijf je het

Opties 27

Voorbeelden 12

1Size of one folder

2Which sub-folder is big?

3The 10 biggest folders on the root file system

4Sizes of all home folders

5Show files too, bigger than 100 MiB

6Leave out some files

7Count files instead of size

8Grand total of several folders

9Real size vs. apparent size of a VM disk

10Show when folders changed

11Only show folders above 1 GiB

12Check container storage

Let op

Tips om te onthouden

Verwante commando's

Gebruikt in deze lessen

Gebruikt in deze labs

Volledige handleiding

`du`