أمر xargs: الخيارات والأمثلة (11)

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ماذا يفعل

Many commands do not read standard input; they need arguments. xargs reads words or lines from the pipe and puts them on the command line of another command. With -P it runs many copies at the same time — a simple way to make scripts faster.

Use -0 together with find -print0 so file names with spaces work.

طريقة الكتابة

COMMAND | xargs [OPTIONS] [COMMAND [ARG ...]]

الخيارات 11

الأكثر استخدامًا

Options

-0, --null: Items end with a NUL character (use with find -print0).
-I {}: Replace {} in the command with each item; one run per item.
-n N: At most N arguments per run.
-P N: Run N processes at the same time (0 = as many as possible).
-L N: At most N lines per run.
-d DELIM: Items end with DELIM (for example -d '\n').
-r, --no-run-if-empty: Do not run the command when there is no input.
-t, --verbose: Print each command before it runs.
-p, --interactive: Ask before each run.
-a FILE: Read the items from FILE.
--max-chars N: Limit the length of the command line.

أمثلة 11

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

1Delete old log files safely (spaces in names work)

$find /var/log/app -name '*.log' -mtime +14 -print0 | xargs -0 -r rm -f

2One command per item with {}

$cat hosts.txt | xargs -I {} ssh {} 'uptime'

3Pull many images in parallel (4 at a time)

$cat images.txt | xargs -P 4 -n 1 docker pull

4Delete all Evicted pods

$kubectl get pods -A --field-selector=status.phase=Failed -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.namespace} {.metadata.name}{"\n"}{end}' | xargs -r -n 2 sh -c 'kubectl delete pod -n "$0" "$1"'

5grep in the files that find found

$find . -name '*.yaml' -print0 | xargs -0 grep -l 'image: nginx'

6See the commands before they run

$echo web1 web2 | xargs -t -n 1 ping -c 1

7Check many URLs fast

$xargs -P 8 -I {} curl -s -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code} {}\n' {} < urls.txt

8Remove merged Git branches

$git branch --merged main | grep -v 'main$' | xargs -r git branch -d

9Archive files in batches of 100

$find data -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -n 100 tar -rf data.tar

10Lines (not words) as items

$printf 'my file.txt\nother file.txt\n' | xargs -d '\n' ls -l

11Ask before each delete
```
$ls *.tmp | xargs -p rm
```

انتبه

Without -0/-d '\n' xargs splits on spaces and quotes: "my file" becomes two items.
Without -r GNU xargs runs the command once with no arguments when the input is empty — dangerous with rm.
Output of parallel runs (-P) can mix; write each result to its own file if order matters.

نصائح للحفظ

find -exec cmd {} + does the same job as find | xargs for simple cases.

رموز الخروج

`0`	All runs exited 0.
`123`	A run exited with 1–125.
`124`	A run exited with 255.
`125`	A run was killed by a signal.
`126`	The command cannot run.
`127`	The command was not found.

`xargs`

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 11

Options

أمثلة 11

1Delete old log files safely (spaces in names work)

2One command per item with {}

3Pull many images in parallel (4 at a time)

4Delete all Evicted pods

5grep in the files that find found

6See the commands before they run

7Check many URLs fast

8Remove merged Git branches

9Archive files in batches of 100

10Lines (not words) as items

11Ask before each delete

انتبه

نصائح للحفظ

رموز الخروج

الدليل الكامل

xargs

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 11

Options

أمثلة 11

1Delete old log files safely (spaces in names work)

2One command per item with {}

3Pull many images in parallel (4 at a time)

4Delete all Evicted pods

5grep in the files that find found

6See the commands before they run

7Check many URLs fast

8Remove merged Git branches

9Archive files in batches of 100

10Lines (not words) as items

11Ask before each delete

انتبه

نصائح للحفظ

رموز الخروج

أوامر مرتبطة

مُستخدم في هذه الدروس

الدليل الكامل

`xargs`