rm — Delete files, and with -r folders with all their content.

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rm removes file names. When the last name of a file is gone (and no program has it open), the space is free. There is no trash can: a removed file is gone.

rm does not remove folders unless you add -r. -f removes without questions and without errors for missing files.

On RHEL, root has the alias rm='rm -i', so it asks for each file. rm also refuses to remove / itself (--preserve-root).

طريقة الكتابة

rm [OPTION]... FILE...

الخيارات 12

الأكثر استخدامًا

-r, -R, --recursive: Remove folders and everything in them.
-f, --force: Never ask, ignore files that do not exist.
-i: Ask before every removal.
-I: Ask once before removing more than three files or a whole folder (less noisy than -i).
--interactive[=<when>]: When to ask: never, once (like -I) or always (like -i).
-d, --dir: Remove empty folders too (like rmdir).
-v, --verbose: Print each file removed.
--one-file-system: With -r: skip folders on other file systems.
--preserve-root[=all]: Do not remove / (the default). With "all": also refuse mount points on other devices.
--no-preserve-root: Allow removing /. Never use this.
--help: Show help.
--version: Show the version.

أمثلة 11

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

1Remove a file
```
$rm notes.txt
```
The file is gone; no undo.
2Remove a folder with its content
```
$rm -r /tmp/build
```
Asks for each file when the rm -i alias is active (root on RHEL).
3Remove without any question
```
$rm -rf /tmp/build
```
Powerful and dangerous. Check the path twice.
4Ask once for a big removal
```
$rm -rI ~/old-projects
```
One question instead of one per file.
5Remove files with a name that starts with a dash
```
$rm -- -weird-name.txt
```
-- means: the options end here.
6Remove old logs with find (safer than wildcards)
```
#find /var/log/myapp -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -print -delete
```
Removes logs older than 30 days and prints each name.
7Remove a file with spaces in its name
```
$rm "My Report (final).docx"
```
Quotes keep the name together.
8Test a wildcard before removing
```
$echo /tmp/cache/*.tmp
$rm /tmp/cache/*.tmp
```
echo shows exactly what the shell will pass to rm.
9Free space that a deleted log still uses
```
#lsof +L1 | grep deleted
#systemctl restart rsyslog
```
A program that keeps a deleted file open still uses the space. Restart it to free the space.
10Stay on one file system
```
#rm -rf --one-file-system /mnt/oldroot/tmp
```
Protects mounted file systems below the folder from being wiped.
11Remove empty folders and files in one go
```
$rm -dv empty-dir file.txt
```
-d removes the empty folder too.

انتبه

No trash, no undo. Make a copy first or use mv to a temp folder when you are unsure.
Never put a variable alone in rm: rm -rf "$DIR/"* with an empty DIR deletes from /. Use ${DIR:?}.
A space in the wrong place: rm -rf / tmp/x deletes everything. Read the line before Enter.

نصائح للحفظ

File: rm. Folder: rm -r. No questions: -f. One question: -I.
In scripts: rm -rf "${DIR:?}/"* stops when DIR is empty.

`rm`

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 12

أمثلة 11

1Remove a file

2Remove a folder with its content

3Remove without any question

4Ask once for a big removal

5Remove files with a name that starts with a dash

6Remove old logs with find (safer than wildcards)

7Remove a file with spaces in its name

8Test a wildcard before removing

9Free space that a deleted log still uses

10Stay on one file system

11Remove empty folders and files in one go

انتبه

نصائح للحفظ

الدليل الكامل

rm

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 12

أمثلة 11

1Remove a file

2Remove a folder with its content

3Remove without any question

4Ask once for a big removal

5Remove files with a name that starts with a dash

6Remove old logs with find (safer than wildcards)

7Remove a file with spaces in its name

8Test a wildcard before removing

9Free space that a deleted log still uses

10Stay on one file system

11Remove empty folders and files in one go

انتبه

نصائح للحفظ

أوامر مرتبطة

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الدليل الكامل

`rm`