top

هذا الجزء لم يُترجم بعد. أنت ترى النص الإنجليزي.

ماذا يفعل

The top part shows uptime and load average, the number of tasks per state, CPU use (us user, sy system, ni niced, id idle, wa waiting for I/O, st stolen by the hypervisor) and memory and swap. Below is the process list, refreshed every 3 seconds.

Keys work while it runs: k kill, r renice, M sort by memory, P by CPU, 1 each CPU, q quit. With -b it writes plain text for logs and scripts.

طريقة الكتابة

top [OPTION]...

الأجزاء الرئيسية

k: Kill: send a signal to a PID.
r: Renice a PID.
P / M / T / N: Sort by CPU / memory / time / PID.
1: Show every CPU.
c: Show the full command line.
u: Show only one user.
f: Choose and sort columns.
H: Show threads.
V: Forest (tree) view.
E / e: Change memory units (summary / list).
W: Save the settings in ~/.config/procps/toprc.
h: Help.
q: Quit.

الخيارات 19

الأكثر استخدامًا

-b, --batch: Batch mode: plain text output (for logs and pipes).
-n, --iterations NUMBER: Stop after NUMBER updates.
-d, --delay SECONDS: Seconds between updates.
-p, --pid PIDLIST: Only these PIDs.
-u, --filter-only-euser USER: Only this effective user.
-U, --filter-any-user USER: Any user ID match (real, effective, saved, file).
-o, --sort-override FIELD: Sort by this field, like -o %MEM.
-H, --threads-show: Show threads.
-c, --cmdline-toggle: Start with full command lines.
-i, --idle-toggle: Hide idle processes.
-S, --accum-time-toggle: Cumulative time (with dead children).
-E, --scale-summary-mem k|m|g|t|p|e: Units in the summary.
-e, --scale-task-mem k|m|g|t|p: Units in the list.
-O, --list-fields: List the field names.
-s, --secure-mode: Secure mode (no kill or renice).
-w, --width [COLUMNS]: Output width in batch mode.
-1, --single-cpu-toggle: Start with each CPU shown (or one line).
-h, --help: Show help.
-V, --version: Show the version.

أمثلة 10

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

1Start top

$top
top - 10:52:01 up  2:54,  2 users,  load average: 0.15, 0.10, 0.09
Tasks: 182 total,   1 running, 181 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  1.2 us,  0.5 sy,  0.0 ni, 98.1 id,  0.2 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :   3654.2 total,   2201.7 free,    812.4 used,    891.3 buff/cache

Press q to leave.

2Sort by memory
```
$top -o %MEM
```
Or press M inside top.
3Only one user
```
$top -u apache
```
Watch the web server processes.
4One process and its threads
```
$top -H -p $(pidof chronyd)
```
Which thread uses the CPU.
5Save one snapshot to a file
```
$top -b -n 1 > /tmp/top-$(date +%H%M).txt
```
Evidence for a slow-server ticket.
6Log every 10 seconds for one minute
```
$top -b -d 10 -n 6 | grep -A 8 '^top' > /tmp/top.log
```
A short performance log.
7Kill from top
```
$top
```
Press k, type the PID, press Enter (15) or type 9.
8Read the CPU line
```
$top -b -n 1 | grep Cpu
```
High wa = slow disk; high st = the hypervisor is overloaded; high sy = kernel work.
9Find a crypto miner (security)
```
$top -b -n 1 -o %CPU | head -12
```
An unknown process at 100% CPU, often from /tmp or a strange user.
10Secure mode for a shared screen
```
$top -s
```
Nobody can kill from this top.

انتبه

Load average counts waiting processes, also those waiting for disk. High load with low CPU use often means slow storage or NFS.

الملفات

~/.config/procps/toprc: Saved settings (W key).

رموز الخروج

0 :: Done. 1 :: Error.

`top`

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الأجزاء الرئيسية

الخيارات 19

أمثلة 10

1Start top

2Sort by memory

3Only one user

4One process and its threads

5Save one snapshot to a file

6Log every 10 seconds for one minute

7Kill from top

8Read the CPU line

9Find a crypto miner (security)

10Secure mode for a shared screen

انتبه

الملفات

رموز الخروج

الدليل الكامل

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الأجزاء الرئيسية

الخيارات 19

أمثلة 10

1Start top

2Sort by memory

3Only one user

4One process and its threads

5Save one snapshot to a file

6Log every 10 seconds for one minute

7Kill from top

8Read the CPU line

9Find a crypto miner (security)

10Secure mode for a shared screen

انتبه

الملفات

رموز الخروج

أوامر مرتبطة

مُستخدم في هذه الدروس

الدليل الكامل

`top`