kill

هذا الجزء لم يُترجم بعد. أنت ترى النص الإنجليزي.

ماذا يفعل

kill PID sends SIGTERM (15): the program can save its data and exit. If it does not react, kill -9 PID (SIGKILL) makes the kernel end it at once — without cleanup. Other signals do other things: SIGHUP (1) makes many daemons re-read their config, SIGSTOP/SIGCONT pause and continue.

Users can only signal their own processes; root can signal all. In bash, kill is a built-in that also accepts job numbers like %1.

طريقة الكتابة

kill [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
kill -l [NUMBER] | -L

الأجزاء الرئيسية

1 HUP: Hang up; daemons often reload the config.
2 INT: Interrupt (Ctrl+C).
3 QUIT: Quit with a core dump.
9 KILL: Kill now; cannot be caught.
15 TERM: Terminate politely (default).
18 CONT: Continue a paused process.
19 STOP: Pause; cannot be caught.
20 TSTP: Pause from the terminal (Ctrl+Z).
10 USR1, 12 USR2: Program-specific (like reopen logs).
-1 (PID): All processes you may signal (dangerous).
-PGID: A negative PID = the whole process group.

الخيارات 8

الأكثر استخدامًا

-s, --signal SIGNAL: The signal (name or number).
-SIGNAL: Short form: -9, -KILL, -SIGKILL.
-l, --list [NUMBER]: List the signal names (or the name of a number).
-L, --table: List names and numbers as a table.
-q, --queue VALUE: Send the signal with a value (sigqueue).
-p, --pid: Only print the PIDs (util-linux kill, with a name).
-a, --all: Also match processes of other users by name (util-linux kill).
--timeout MS SIGNAL: Send a second signal if the process still runs after the time (util-linux kill).

أمثلة 11

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

1Stop a process politely
```
$kill 4123
```
SIGTERM: the program can clean up.
2Force it
```
$kill -9 4123
```
Only when SIGTERM did not work after some seconds.
3Reload a daemon's config
```
#kill -HUP $(cat /run/sshd.pid)
```
On RHEL systemctl reload sshd does the same.
4List the signals
```
$kill -l
```
Names and numbers.
5Stop a background job
```
$kill %2
```
Job number from jobs.
6Pause and continue a process
```
$kill -STOP 4123; kill -CONT 4123
```
Pause a heavy job for a while.
7Polite, then hard after a timeout
```
$/usr/bin/kill --timeout 5000 KILL -TERM 4123
```
util-linux kill: SIGKILL if it still runs after 5 seconds.
8Stop a whole pipeline (process group)
```
$kill -TERM -4120
```
Negative number = process group.
9Contain a suspicious process (security)
```
#kill -STOP 6666
#ls -l /proc/6666/exe; cat /proc/6666/cmdline | tr '\0' ' '
```
Pause it, look at it, then decide; a killed process loses evidence in memory.
10Check if a process is still alive
```
$kill -0 4123 && echo "running"
```
Signal 0 sends nothing; it only tests.
11Make a service reopen its log files
```
#kill -USR1 $(pidof nginx)
```
nginx reopens logs on USR1 (log rotation).

انتبه

kill -9 can leave broken files, lock files and shared memory. Use it last.
Processes in state D (disk wait) do not die even with -9 until the I/O ends.

رموز الخروج

0 :: The signal was sent. 1 :: Error (no such process or not allowed).

`kill`

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الأجزاء الرئيسية

الخيارات 8

أمثلة 11

1Stop a process politely

2Force it

3Reload a daemon's config

4List the signals

5Stop a background job

6Pause and continue a process

7Polite, then hard after a timeout

8Stop a whole pipeline (process group)

9Contain a suspicious process (security)

10Check if a process is still alive

11Make a service reopen its log files

انتبه

رموز الخروج

الدليل الكامل

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الأجزاء الرئيسية

الخيارات 8

أمثلة 11

1Stop a process politely

2Force it

3Reload a daemon's config

4List the signals

5Stop a background job

6Pause and continue a process

7Polite, then hard after a timeout

8Stop a whole pipeline (process group)

9Contain a suspicious process (security)

10Check if a process is still alive

11Make a service reopen its log files

انتبه

رموز الخروج

أوامر مرتبطة

مُستخدم في هذه الدروس

مُستخدم في هذه المعامل

الدليل الكامل

`kill`