fuser

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fuser answers "who is using this?". The most common case is umount: target is busy: fuser -vm /mnt/usb lists the processes with files open on that file system. With -k it sends them a signal. It also works for ports: fuser 80/tcp prints the PID that owns TCP port 80.

The letter after each PID tells how the file is used: c = current folder, e = running program, f = open file, F = open for writing, r = root folder, m = memory-mapped.

طريقة الكتابة

fuser [OPTION]... NAME...
fuser -k [-SIGNAL] [-i] NAME...

الخيارات 17

الأكثر استخدامًا

Options

-v, --verbose: Show user, PID, access type and command.
-m, --mount NAME: All processes that use the file system NAME is on.
-M, --ismountpoint: Work only if NAME is a mount point.
-k, --kill: Kill the processes (default SIGKILL).
-SIGNAL: Use this signal with -k (-TERM, -HUP).
-i, --interactive: Ask before each kill.
-w: With -k: only processes that write.
-u, --user: Show the user of each process.
-n, --namespace SPACE: Name space: file, udp or tcp (fuser -n tcp 80).
-4, --ipv4 / -6, --ipv6: Only IPv4 / IPv6 sockets.
-a, --all: Also show files that nobody uses.
-s, --silent: No output; only the exit status.
-I, --inode: Compare by inode (for network file systems).
-l, --list-signals: List the signal names.
-c: Same as -m (POSIX).
-f: Ignored (POSIX).
-V, --version: Show the version.

أمثلة 10

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

1Why does umount say "target is busy"?

#fuser -vm /mnt/usb
                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
/mnt/usb:            root     kernel mount /mnt/usb
                     student    4321 ..c.. bash

The shell of student is inside the folder (c = current directory).

2Stop the processes, then unmount

#fuser -km -TERM /mnt/usb
#umount /mnt/usb

3Ask before every kill
```
#fuser -kim /srv/data
```

4Which process owns a port?

#fuser 80/tcp
80/tcp:               1420
#fuser -v -n tcp 22

5Who has a log file open?
```
#fuser -v /var/log/messages
```

6Check in a script if a file is in use

$fuser -s /srv/import/data.csv && echo "still being written" || echo "free"

7Only processes that write to a file
```
#fuser -kw -TERM /srv/app/app.db
```
8Find users on an NFS mount before a server reboot
```
#fuser -vmu /mnt/shared
```
9Free a UDP port
```
#fuser -k 5353/udp
```
10Use the device name instead of the folder
```
#fuser -vm /dev/sdb1
```
Same result as with the mount point; useful when you only know the device.

انتبه

fuser -k uses SIGKILL by default: no clean-up. Prefer -k -TERM first.
On / or /home, -km would kill almost everything. Always use -v first to look.

نصائح للحفظ

lsof +f -- /mnt/usb gives similar output with file names.

رموز الخروج

`0`	At least one process was found (or killed).
`1`	No process uses the name, or an error.

`fuser`

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 17

Options

أمثلة 10

1Why does umount say "target is busy"?

2Stop the processes, then unmount

3Ask before every kill

4Which process owns a port?

5Who has a log file open?

6Check in a script if a file is in use

7Only processes that write to a file

8Find users on an NFS mount before a server reboot

9Free a UDP port

10Use the device name instead of the folder

انتبه

نصائح للحفظ

رموز الخروج

الدليل الكامل

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 17

Options

أمثلة 10

1Why does umount say "target is busy"?

2Stop the processes, then unmount

3Ask before every kill

4Which process owns a port?

5Who has a log file open?

6Check in a script if a file is in use

7Only processes that write to a file

8Find users on an NFS mount before a server reboot

9Free a UDP port

10Use the device name instead of the folder

انتبه

نصائح للحفظ

رموز الخروج

أوامر مرتبطة

مُستخدم في هذه الدروس

مُستخدم في هذه المعامل

الدليل الكامل

`fuser`