systemd-cgls

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Wat het doet

systemd puts every service, user session and container in its own cgroup, grouped in slices: system.slice, user.slice, machine.slice. systemd-cgls shows which process belongs to which service — useful when ps does not tell you where a process comes from. systemd-cgtop shows CPU, memory and I/O per cgroup, like top.

Zo schrijf je het

systemd-cgls [OPTION]... [CGROUP...]
systemd-cgls [OPTION]... --unit|--user-unit [UNIT...]
systemd-cgtop [OPTION]... [GROUP]

Opties 26

Meest gebruikt

-u, --unit [UNIT]: Show the cgroup of these units.
--user-unit [UNIT]: Show user units.
-a, --all: Also empty cgroups.
-l, --full: Do not cut lines.
-k: Also kernel threads.
-x, --xattr=yes|no: Show extended attributes.
-c, --cgroup-id=yes|no: Show cgroup IDs.
-M, --machine=NAME: Show a container or VM.
--no-pager: Do not use a pager.
-h, --help: Show help.
--version: Show the version.

systemd-cgtop

-c, --order=cpu: Sort by CPU.
-m, --order=memory: Sort by memory.
-i, --order=io: Sort by I/O.
-t, --order=tasks: Sort by number of tasks.
-p, --order=path: Sort by path.
-b, --batch: Batch mode (for pipes).
-n, --iterations=N: Stop after N updates.
-d, --delay=SECONDS: Time between updates.
-1: One update only.
-r, --raw: Raw numbers.
-P: Count only user processes.
-k: Count all processes, also kernel threads.
--cpu=percentage|time: Show CPU as percent or time.
--depth=N: How deep the tree goes.
--recursive=yes|no: Include child cgroups in the numbers.

Voorbeelden 10

$ als gewone gebruiker# als root (of met sudo)

1The whole tree
```
$systemd-cgls --no-pager | head -25
```
Slices, services and their processes.
2One service
```
$systemd-cgls -u httpd.service
```
All processes of the web server, also CGI children.
3Where does this process come from?
```
$systemctl status 4123
```
Shows the unit and cgroup of a PID.
4Your own session
```
$systemd-cgls -u user-1000.slice
```
Everything you started.
5Live resource use per service
```
$systemd-cgtop
```
Press m, c, i to sort.
6Sorted by memory, one snapshot
```
$systemd-cgtop -m -1 -b | head
```
For a report.
7Container processes
```
$systemd-cgls -u machine.slice
```
VMs and containers.

8Cgroup of a process directly

$cat /proc/4123/cgroup
0::/system.slice/httpd.service

cgroup v2 path.

9Limit a service with cgroups
```
#systemctl set-property httpd.service MemoryMax=1G CPUQuota=50%
```
Resource limits are set on the cgroup.
10Find hidden processes of a service (security)
```
$systemd-cgls -u sshd.service
```
A strange child (like a miner) under a service shows up here.

Exitcodes

0 :: Done. 1 :: Error.

`systemd-cgls`

Wat het doet

Zo schrijf je het

Opties 26

systemd-cgls

systemd-cgtop

Voorbeelden 10

1The whole tree

2One service

3Where does this process come from?

4Your own session

5Live resource use per service

6Sorted by memory, one snapshot

7Container processes

8Cgroup of a process directly

9Limit a service with cgroups

10Find hidden processes of a service (security)

Exitcodes

Volledige handleiding

systemd-cgls

Wat het doet

Zo schrijf je het

Opties 26

systemd-cgls

systemd-cgtop

Voorbeelden 10

1The whole tree

2One service

3Where does this process come from?

4Your own session

5Live resource use per service

6Sorted by memory, one snapshot

7Container processes

8Cgroup of a process directly

9Limit a service with cgroups

10Find hidden processes of a service (security)

Exitcodes

Verwante commando's

Gebruikt in deze lessen

Volledige handleiding

`systemd-cgls`