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`git`

Track every change of code and config, work on branches, and share work through remotes like GitHub — the base of CI/CD and GitOps.

Niveau: DevSecOps-service
Groep: Git en CI/CD
Root nodig: Nee
Pakket: git

Dit deel is nog niet vertaald. Je ziet de Engelse tekst.

Wat het doet

git keeps the full history of a project in a local repository (.git/). You change files, stage them (git add), and save a commit. Branches let you work on a feature without touching main; a pull request merges it after review and CI. A remote (origin) is the shared copy on GitHub, GitLab or Azure Repos.

In DevSecOps, Git is the source of truth: app code, Dockerfiles, Terraform, Kubernetes YAML and pipelines all live in Git, and every change goes through review. Signed commits and secret scanning protect it.

Zo schrijf je het

git COMMAND [OPTIONS] [ARGS]

Belangrijkste delen

Daily commands

clone URL: Copy a remote repository.
status: What changed, what is staged.
add FILE / add -p: Stage changes (by parts with -p).
commit -m MSG: Save a commit.
log --oneline --graph: Show history.
diff [--staged]: Show changes.
switch -c BRANCH / switch BRANCH: Create / change branch.
pull / fetch / push: Get / send changes.
merge BRANCH: Join a branch into the current one.
rebase BRANCH: Replay your commits on top of another branch.
restore FILE / restore --staged FILE: Undo changes / unstage.
revert COMMIT: New commit that undoes an old one (safe on shared branches).
reset --soft|--hard COMMIT: Move the branch (hard deletes work!).
stash / stash pop: Put work aside and bring it back.
tag -s v1.4.0: Make a (signed) tag.
blame FILE / bisect: Who changed a line / find the bad commit.
remote -v / remote add NAME URL: Manage remotes.
cherry-pick COMMIT: Copy one commit to this branch.

Opties 9

Meest gebruikt

Useful settings and flags

config --global user.name/user.email: Your identity.
config --global init.defaultBranch main: Default branch name.
config --global pull.rebase true: Rebase on pull.
config --global commit.gpgsign true: Sign every commit.
config --global gpg.format ssh: Sign with an SSH key.
-c KEY=VAL: Set config for one command.
--amend: Change the last commit (only before push).
--force-with-lease: Safer force push.
--depth 1: Shallow clone (CI).

Voorbeelden 10

$ als gewone gebruiker# als root (of met sudo)

1Set up your identity and signing

$git config --global user.name "s0sta"
$git config --global user.email "76218642+s0sta@users.noreply.github.com"
$git config --global gpg.format ssh
$git config --global user.signingkey ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
$git config --global commit.gpgsign true

2Start work on a feature branch

$git clone git@github.com:s0sta/platform.git && cd platform
$git switch -c feat/add-health-check
$vim app/health.py
$git add -p
$git commit -m "Add /health endpoint"
$git push -u origin feat/add-health-check

3See what happened

$git status
$git log --oneline --graph --decorate -15
$git diff main...feat/add-health-check --stat

4Update your branch with main

$git fetch origin
$git rebase origin/main
$git push --force-with-lease

5Undo safely

$git restore app/config.py
$git restore --staged app/config.py
$git revert 3f2a91c
$git commit --amend -m "Better message"

6Put work aside

$git stash push -m "half done"
$git switch main && git pull
$git switch - && git stash pop

7Tag a release

$git tag -s v1.4.0 -m "Shop 1.4.0"
$git push origin v1.4.0
$git tag -v v1.4.0

8Find the commit that broke something

$git bisect start
$git bisect bad HEAD
$git bisect good v1.3.0
$git bisect reset

9Remove a secret that was committed
```
$git rm --cached .env && echo ".env" >> .gitignore
$git commit -m "Remove .env from repo"
```
The secret is still in the history: rotate it first, then clean history with git filter-repo.

10Stop secrets before they are committed

$cat .git/hooks/pre-commit
#!/bin/sh
exec gitleaks protect --staged --redact
$chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-commit

Let op

Never push --force to main; protect main with branch rules and required reviews.
git reset --hard and git clean -fd delete work you did not commit.
A secret in any commit is leaked — rotate it, do not only delete the file.

Bestanden

~/.gitconfig: Your global settings.
.git/: The repository data.
.gitignore: Files Git should not track.
.git/hooks/: Local hooks (pre-commit, commit-msg).

Tips om te onthouden

Small commits with clear messages ("Add …", "Fix …") make review and rollback easy.
Use pre-commit framework hooks: gitleaks, terraform fmt, yamllint.

Exitcodes

`0`	Success.
`1`	Error or conflict.
`128`	Fatal error (not a repository, bad argument).

Volledige handleiding

Deze pagina legt het commando uit in eenvoudige woorden. De originele handleiding heeft elk detail.

In je terminal: man git

Open de man-pagina (linux.die.net)git-scm.com

git