Share work with remote repositories

هذا الجزء لم يُترجم بعد. أنت ترى النص الإنجليزي.

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

Clone a repository

git clone copies a whole repository with its history and sets the remote origin.

$git clone git@github.com:s0sta/infra-shop.git
$git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/s0sta/it-notes.git
$cd infra-shop && git remote -v
origin  git@github.com:s0sta/infra-shop.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:s0sta/infra-shop.git (push)

تذكّر

Use SSH URLs (git@github.com:…) with a key, or HTTPS with a token. Passwords do not work on GitHub any more.

4.2

Manage remotes

A repository can have several remotes — for example origin (your fork) and upstream (the original project).

$git remote add upstream https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-azurerm.git
$git remote -v
$git remote set-url origin git@github.com:s0sta/infra-shop.git
$git remote rename upstream source
$git remote remove source

4.3

Fetch and pull

fetch downloads new commits but changes nothing in your branch. pull = fetch + merge (or rebase) into your branch.

$git fetch origin
$git log --oneline main..origin/main
$git pull
$git pull --rebase
$git fetch --prune

Command	Changes your branch?
`git fetch`	No, only `origin/…`
`git pull`	Yes, merges `origin/BRANCH`
`git pull --rebase`	Yes, puts your commits on top of the new ones

في العمل

git fetch + look + then merge is safer than a blind git pull on important branches.

4.4

Push your branch

git push sends your commits. The first push of a new branch sets the upstream with -u.

$git push -u origin feature/web-network
$git push
$git push origin --delete feature/old
$git push --tags
$git push --force-with-lease

انتبه

--force overwrites the remote branch and can delete others' commits. If you must rewrite a pushed branch (your own feature branch), use --force-with-lease — it refuses when someone else pushed meanwhile.

4.5

Understand tracking branches

A local branch can track a remote branch. Then git status tells you if you are ahead or behind.

$git branch -vv
* feature/web-network 3f2a9c1 [origin/feature/web-network: ahead 2] Add NSG rules
$git status
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/feature/web-network' by 2 commits.
$git branch -u origin/main main

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