معمل 16.1: Modules, parameters and kernel settings

هذا الجزء لم يُترجم بعد. أنت ترى النص الإنجليزي.

الهدف

Inspect the kernel, load and block modules, set a module parameter for good, and change a kernel setting that survives a reboot.

قبل أن تبدأ

Work on server1 as root.

المهام

Show the running kernel version, the boot options the kernel got, and all kernel messages of priority warning or worse from this boot.
Show if the module vfat is loaded. Load it, show its dependencies, then unload it.
Make sure the module vfat is loaded at every boot.
Make sure the module usb-storage can never be loaded.
Show the parameters of the module loop. Set max_part=8 for it permanently.
Turn on IP forwarding permanently and check it.
List the installed kernels and show which one boots by default.

تحقّق من عملك

#cat /etc/modules-load.d/vfat.conf
#modprobe usb-storage; lsmod | grep usb_storage
#cat /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf
#sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward
#grubby --default-kernel

modprobe usb-storage fails or loads nothing.
After a reboot: lsmod | grep vfat shows the module, cat /sys/module/loop/parameters/max_part shows 8, sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1.

تلميحات

اعرض التلميحات

uname -r, cat /proc/cmdline, dmesg --level=warn,err,crit,alert,emerg or journalctl -k -p warning.
/etc/modules-load.d/NAME.conf, /etc/modprobe.d/NAME.conf with blacklist + install … /bin/false or options.
/etc/sysctl.d/ + sysctl --system.

الحل

اعرض الحل

Kernel information.

#uname -r
#cat /proc/cmdline
#journalctl -k -b -p warning

vfat by hand.

#lsmod | grep vfat
#modprobe vfat
#lsmod | grep -E 'vfat|fat'
#modprobe -r vfat

Load at boot.

#echo vfat > /etc/modules-load.d/vfat.conf

Block usb-storage.

#printf 'blacklist usb-storage\ninstall usb-storage /bin/false\n' > /etc/modprobe.d/no-usb-storage.conf

loop parameter.

#modinfo -p loop
#echo "options loop max_part=8" > /etc/modprobe.d/loop.conf

IP forwarding.

#echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" > /etc/sysctl.d/90-forward.conf
#sysctl --system
#sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward

Modules, parameters and kernel settings

الهدف

قبل أن تبدأ

المهام

تحقّق من عملك

تلميحات

الحل

ملاحظاتي

دروس هذا المعمل

الأوامر في هذا المعمل