xz, unxz, xzcat

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xz usually makes the smallest files of the classic tools, but it uses more time and memory. It is used for kernel modules, software packages and long-term archives.

xz FILE makes FILE.xz and removes the original. With tar, use -J (tar -cJf).

طريقة الكتابة

xz [OPTION]... [FILE]...
unxz [OPTION]... [FILE]...
xzcat [OPTION]... [FILE]...

الخيارات 21

الأكثر استخدامًا

-z, --compress: Compress (the default).
-d, --decompress, --uncompress: Decompress (same as unxz).
-k, --keep: Keep the original file.
-c, --stdout: Write to the screen (stdout), keep the files.
-l, --list: Show information about .xz files (sizes, ratio, check type).
-t, --test: Test the file.
-f, --force: Overwrite existing files and compress links.
-0 ... -9: Compression level. Default 6. Higher = smaller and slower.
-e, --extreme: Try harder for a smaller file (more CPU time).
-T, --threads=n: Use N threads. 0 = as many as there are CPU cores.
-q, --quiet: Hide warnings (twice: hide errors too).
-v, --verbose: Show progress (twice: more).
-F, --format=fmt: File format: auto, xz, lzma, raw.
-C, --check=check: Integrity check type: none, crc32, crc64, sha256.
--memlimit=limit: Limit the memory use.
-S, --suffix=suf: Use another ending than .xz.
--single-stream: Decompress only the first stream.
--no-sparse: Do not make sparse files on decompress.
--block-size=size: Start a new block every SIZE bytes (for multi-thread).
-h, --help: Show help (-H for the long help with advanced options).
-V, --version: Show the version.

أمثلة 11

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

1Compress a file
```
$xz big.sql
```
You get big.sql.xz.
2Decompress
```
$unxz big.sql.xz
```
Same as xz -d big.sql.xz.
3Compress fast with all CPU cores
```
$xz -T0 -k vm-disk.raw
```
-T0 uses all cores; -k keeps the original.
4Make a tar.xz archive
```
$tar -cJf logs-2026.tar.xz /var/log/archive
```
Good for archives you keep for a long time.
5Read without unpacking
```
$xzcat app.log.xz | grep -c ERROR
```
Count errors in a compressed log.
6Show details of a compressed file
```
$xz -l app.log.xz
```
Compressed size, uncompressed size, ratio and check type.
7Best possible compression
```
$xz -9e release-notes.tar
```
Very slow but very small. Good for files you send many times.
8Check a downloaded file
```
$xz -t image.xz && echo OK
```
Finds broken downloads.
9Look at a compressed kernel module
```
$ls /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ | head
```
RHEL ships kernel modules as .ko.xz files.
10Unpack a cloud image
```
$xz -dk rhel-10-cloud.raw.xz
```
Many cloud and SD-card images are delivered as .xz.
11Limit memory on a small machine
```
$xz --memlimit=256MiB -d huge.xz
```
xz stops with an error instead of using too much RAM.

انتبه

xz removes the original by default; use -k.
High levels (-9, -e) need a lot of RAM and time.

نصائح للحفظ

Size: xz < bzip2 < gzip. Speed: gzip > bzip2 > xz. In tar: z = gzip, j = bzip2, J = xz.

`xz, unxz, xzcat`

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 21

أمثلة 11

1Compress a file

2Decompress

3Compress fast with all CPU cores

4Make a tar.xz archive

5Read without unpacking

6Show details of a compressed file

7Best possible compression

8Check a downloaded file

9Look at a compressed kernel module

10Unpack a cloud image

11Limit memory on a small machine

انتبه

نصائح للحفظ

الدليل الكامل

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 21

أمثلة 11

1Compress a file

2Decompress

3Compress fast with all CPU cores

4Make a tar.xz archive

5Read without unpacking

6Show details of a compressed file

7Best possible compression

8Check a downloaded file

9Look at a compressed kernel module

10Unpack a cloud image

11Limit memory on a small machine

انتبه

نصائح للحفظ

أوامر مرتبطة

مُستخدم في هذه الدروس

الدليل الكامل

`xz, unxz, xzcat`