userdel

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userdel removes the user from the account files, and the private group of the user if no other user has it as primary group.

Without -r the home folder stays. Files of the user in other places always stay: they then show a number instead of a name as owner. A new user with the same UID would own them, so find and clean them first.

طريقة الكتابة

userdel [OPTION]... LOGIN

الخيارات 6

الأكثر استخدامًا

-r, --remove: Also remove the home folder and the mail spool.
-f, --force: Remove even when the user is logged in, and remove the group even if it is the primary group of another user. Dangerous.
-Z, --selinux-user: Remove the SELinux user mapping of the login.
-R, --root DIR: Work in this chroot folder.
-P, --prefix DIR: Use the files under this prefix folder.
-h, --help: Show help.

أمثلة 11

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

1Delete a user and the home folder
```
#userdel -r contractor1
```
The usual way for a lab or a test account.
2Delete only the account
```
#userdel olduser
```
The files in /home/olduser stay (for a backup).
3Find files of a user before you delete it
```
#find / -xdev -user olduser 2>/dev/null
```
Keep or move important files first.
4Find files without an owner after a delete
```
#find / -xdev -nouser 2>/dev/null
```
A security check: orphan files can be taken over by a new user with the same UID.
5Check that nobody uses the account
```
#who | grep olduser; pgrep -u olduser
```
userdel refuses when the user has processes (exit code 8).
6Stop the processes, then delete
```
#pkill -KILL -u olduser; userdel -r olduser
```
Only when you are sure the work is saved.
7Offboarding: lock first, delete later
```
#usermod -L -e 1 olduser
```
Wait some weeks, then userdel -r olduser.
8Remove the cron jobs of the user
```
#crontab -r -u olduser
```
userdel does not always remove them on every system.
9Archive the home folder before the delete
```
#tar -czf /root/olduser-home.tgz -C /home olduser && userdel -r olduser
```
Keep a copy for the legal hold period.
10Delete a service account
```
#userdel myapp
```
Its data in /var/lib/myapp stays; remove it yourself.
11Check that it is gone
```
#id olduser
id: 'olduser': no such user
```
The account is removed.

انتبه

Files outside the home folder are not removed.
-f can remove a group that other users still use as primary group.

الملفات

/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/gshadow: The account files.
/etc/login.defs: USERGROUPS_ENAB decides if the private group is removed.

رموز الخروج

`0`	Done.
`1`	Could not update the password file.
`2`	Wrong syntax.
`6`	The user does not exist.
`8`	The user is logged in.
`10`	Could not update the group file.
`12`	Could not remove the home folder.

`userdel`

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 6

أمثلة 11

1Delete a user and the home folder

2Delete only the account

3Find files of a user before you delete it

4Find files without an owner after a delete

5Check that nobody uses the account

6Stop the processes, then delete

7Offboarding: lock first, delete later

8Remove the cron jobs of the user

9Archive the home folder before the delete

10Delete a service account

11Check that it is gone

انتبه

الملفات

رموز الخروج

الدليل الكامل

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 6

أمثلة 11

1Delete a user and the home folder

2Delete only the account

3Find files of a user before you delete it

4Find files without an owner after a delete

5Check that nobody uses the account

6Stop the processes, then delete

7Offboarding: lock first, delete later

8Remove the cron jobs of the user

9Archive the home folder before the delete

10Delete a service account

11Check that it is gone

انتبه

الملفات

رموز الخروج

أوامر مرتبطة

مُستخدم في هذه الدروس

الدليل الكامل

`userdel`