gpasswd

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gpasswd changes /etc/group and /etc/gshadow. Its most useful jobs are -a (add a member) and -d (remove a member) — removing is not easy with usermod on older systems.

root can also make users group administrators (-A): they may then add and remove members of that group themselves, without sudo.

Group passwords (gpasswd GROUP) let non-members join with newgrp. They are rarely a good idea.

طريقة الكتابة

gpasswd [OPTION] GROUP

الخيارات 8

الأكثر استخدامًا

-a, --add USER: Add the user to the group.
-d, --delete USER: Remove the user from the group.
-M, --members USER, ...: Set the full member list (replaces it).
-A, --administrators USER, ...: Set the group administrators.
-r, --remove-password: Remove the group password (only members can use newgrp).
-R, --restrict: Lock the group: only members can use newgrp.
-Q, --root DIR: Work in this chroot folder.
-h, --help: Show help.

أمثلة 10

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

1Add a member

#gpasswd -a lisa webadmins
Adding user lisa to group webadmins

Same as usermod -aG webadmins lisa.

2Remove a member

#gpasswd -d lisa webadmins
Removing user lisa from group webadmins

The easy way to take a group away.

3Set the whole member list
```
#gpasswd -M anna,bob,carol sales
```
Replaces all members; good for a sync from a list.
4Let a team lead manage the group
```
#gpasswd -A anna sales
$gpasswd -a dave sales
```
anna (as group admin) adds members without sudo.
5Remove all members
```
#gpasswd -M '' sales
```
An empty list.
6Remove the group password
```
#gpasswd -r sales
```
Only members can then use newgrp sales.

7Check the members and admins

#getent group sales; getent gshadow sales
sales:x:3000:anna,bob,carol
sales:!::anna:anna,bob,carol

gshadow field 3 = admins, field 4 = members.

8Remove a user from all extra groups (offboarding)
```
#for g in $(id -Gn olduser | cut -d' ' -f2-); do gpasswd -d olduser "$g"; done
```
The first group is the primary group and stays.
9Take away admin rights
```
#gpasswd -d lisa wheel
```
She keeps sudo until her session ends; check open sessions.
10Audit the members of admin groups
```
#for g in wheel webadmins; do getent group "$g"; done
```
Review these lists often.

انتبه

-M replaces the list: users not in it are removed.
Membership changes work after the next login of the user.

الملفات

/etc/group: Group name, GID and members.
/etc/gshadow: Group password, admins and members.

رموز الخروج

`0`	Done.
`1`	Error (not allowed, user or group not found).

`gpasswd`

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 8

أمثلة 10

1Add a member

2Remove a member

3Set the whole member list

4Let a team lead manage the group

5Remove all members

6Remove the group password

7Check the members and admins

8Remove a user from all extra groups (offboarding)

9Take away admin rights

10Audit the members of admin groups

انتبه

الملفات

رموز الخروج

الدليل الكامل

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 8

أمثلة 10

1Add a member

2Remove a member

3Set the whole member list

4Let a team lead manage the group

5Remove all members

6Remove the group password

7Check the members and admins

8Remove a user from all extra groups (offboarding)

9Take away admin rights

10Audit the members of admin groups

انتبه

الملفات

رموز الخروج

أوامر مرتبطة

مُستخدم في هذه الدروس

الدليل الكامل

`gpasswd`