chpasswd

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chpasswd reads lines in the form USER:PASSWORD and sets each password, hashed with the method of /etc/login.defs (SHA-512 or yescrypt). It is the standard way to set passwords in scripts, Kickstart %post sections and provisioning tools, because it works the same on every Linux. With -e the passwords are already hashes.

طريقة الكتابة

chpasswd [OPTION]...
echo 'USER:PASSWORD' | chpasswd

الخيارات 7

الأكثر استخدامًا

Options

-e, --encrypted: The passwords are already hashed; store them as they are.
-c, --crypt-method METHOD: Hash method: SHA512, SHA256, YESCRYPT, MD5, DES, NONE.
-s, --sha-rounds ROUNDS: Number of rounds for SHA methods.
-m, --md5: Use MD5 (old, do not use).
-R, --root DIR: Work on the files under DIR (a chroot).
-P, --prefix DIR: Use the files under DIR without chroot.
-h, --help: Show help.

أمثلة 10

$ مستخدم عادي# بصلاحية root (أو مع sudo)

1Set one password in one line
```
#echo 'mia:RedHat-2026' | chpasswd
```

2Set many passwords from a file

#cat newpasswords.txt
mia:Start-2026-a
leo:Start-2026-b
sara:Start-2026-c
#chpasswd < newpasswords.txt
#shred -u newpasswords.txt

Remove the clear-text file at once.

3Create users and set passwords in a loop

#for u in mia leo sara; do useradd "$u"; echo "$u:Welcome-$RANDOM" | chpasswd; done

4Force a password change at the first login

#echo 'mia:Temp-2026' | chpasswd
#chage -d 0 mia

5Use a prepared hash (no clear text on the server)

$openssl passwd -6 'S3cret-2026'
$6$Tz8...$Qw...
#echo 'mia:$6$Tz8...$Qw...' | chpasswd -e

6Choose the hash method

#echo 'leo:Long-Passphrase-2026' | chpasswd -c SHA512

7Set the root password inside a mounted system

#echo 'root:Recovery-2026' | chpasswd -R /mnt/sysroot

8Random passwords for a list of users, saved for hand-over

#for u in mia leo; do p=$(openssl rand -base64 12); echo "$u:$p" | chpasswd; echo "$u $p" >> /root/handover.txt; done
#chmod 600 /root/handover.txt

9Check that the password was set

#grep '^mia:' /etc/shadow | cut -d: -f1,2 | cut -c1-20
#passwd -S mia

10Kickstart %post example

#cat ks-post.txt
%post
echo 'admin:Change-me-2026' | chpasswd
chage -d 0 admin
%end

انتبه

Passwords typed on the command line land in the shell history. Use a file with rights 600, or chpasswd -e with a hash.
pwquality rules are not checked by chpasswd when root runs it.

الملفات

/etc/shadow: Where the hashes are stored.
/etc/login.defs: ENCRYPT_METHOD (default hash method).

نصائح للحفظ

chpasswd is the safe replacement for passwd --stdin in scripts: it works on every distribution.

رموز الخروج

`0`	Success.
`1`	Error (unknown user, bad line, no rights).

`chpasswd`

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 7

Options

أمثلة 10

1Set one password in one line

2Set many passwords from a file

3Create users and set passwords in a loop

4Force a password change at the first login

5Use a prepared hash (no clear text on the server)

6Choose the hash method

7Set the root password inside a mounted system

8Random passwords for a list of users, saved for hand-over

9Check that the password was set

10Kickstart %post example

انتبه

الملفات

نصائح للحفظ

رموز الخروج

الدليل الكامل

ماذا يفعل

طريقة الكتابة

الخيارات 7

Options

أمثلة 10

1Set one password in one line

2Set many passwords from a file

3Create users and set passwords in a loop

4Force a password change at the first login

5Use a prepared hash (no clear text on the server)

6Choose the hash method

7Set the root password inside a mounted system

8Random passwords for a list of users, saved for hand-over

9Check that the password was set

10Kickstart %post example

انتبه

الملفات

نصائح للحفظ

رموز الخروج

أوامر مرتبطة

مُستخدم في هذه المعامل

الدليل الكامل

`chpasswd`